I believe most voters (apparently even some politicians), Democrats and Republicans, don’t understand history and just how deep the rabbit hole goes as far as how what is going on today is a culmination of bad policy decisions over the years. What I’ve done is put together a little timeline that marks some significant policy and political events that have shaped the world we live in today. By no means is this extensive or complete, and I encourage people to do further research. I start with the Cold War only because that’s a good starting point in an effort to keep this as brief as possible. I could surely trace this back waaaaaaaaaay further, (The Cruscades, the Rise and Fall of Rome, etc.). The movie, The Kingdom, had a pretty good montage at the beginning that explained the U.S.-Saudi Arabia relationship and that is good as well.
Cold War
The beginning of the Cold War can be roughly pinpointed at the end of World War II. Tensions between the U.S. and the Soviet Union started here. As the Soviet war machine pushed back against the Nazis, the Soviets were out for blood. The Soviets lost approximately 10,700,000 soldiers and 11,500,000 civilians, the highest among any of the countries involved in the fighting (and twice that of Germany). In terms of total deaths in relations to their populations, the Soviets lost approximately 13% of their population. When the smoke settles, the world is left with two new super powers, the Unitied States (democracy) and the Soviet Union (communism). Great Britian is still reeling from the war and France is still recovering from occupation. The Soviets see this as their opportunity to solidify their stance in Europe and why shouldn’t they, as one of the winners of the War, they believe it is their right to reap the benefits. The United States sees a dictator in Stalin who has the potential to be just as ruthless as the Dictator they just ousted in Europe. What follows is the Soviets and the U.S. treating third world countries as game pieces in the longest, deadliest game of Risk every played. With both the U.S and the Soviets developing nuclear weapons by 1950, the “game” essentially turned into a land grab with each side trying to one up the other by installing puppet governments (Soviets) or “Pro-Western” governments (U.S.). This is the back drop for things like the Chinese Civil War, the Korean War, The Vietnam War, etc. But for the purposes of this timeline I’ll stick to the Middle East for the most part.
1953
The U.S. supports Operation Ajax in Iran, a coup that re-installed the unpopular, but pro-western dictatorship of Shah Mohammad Reza. The U.S. supports this as Iran is the most powerful nation in the Persian Gulf and shares a border with Cold War rival Russia. To be clear, the U.S. helped overthrow the ELECTED prime minister (who leaned more towards the Soviet Union) in order to place one more U.S. friendly.
October 7, 1959
A 22 year old CIA backed assassin botches an assassination attempt against Iraqi Prime Minister Abdul karim Qassim. Prime Minister Qassim drew the ire of the U.S. and British because he withdrew Iraq from the pro-Western Baghdad Pact, established relations with the Soviet Union, withdrew from agreements with the British and the U.S. and even lifted the ban on the Iraqi Communist Party. When the assassination attempt fails the wounded young assassin escapes to Egypt with the help of CIA and Egyptian intelligence agents. The young assassin’s name was Saddam Hussein
February 8, 1963
Iraqi Prime Minister Qassim is killed in a Baath Party coup aided by the CIA. The CIA was able to obtain models of Soviet made MIG fighters and tanks in return.
January 16, 1979
Shah Mohammad Reza flees Iran after being overthrown by extreme Islamic fundamentalist. The CIA had no Human Intelligence in Iran for the previous year and the coup catches the CIA off guard. It should also be noted that the extreme Islamic fundamentalist that took over (and are still in charge as of 2008) gained this opportunity because the U.S. backed unpopular Shah prosecuted or executed all of his moderate opponents. So, the people of Iran left with an unpopular Western backed leader go to the other extreme and support Islamic fundamentalists.
July 3, 1979
President Carter signs directives for secret aid to opponents of the pro-Soviet regime in Afghanistan. This is done with the express knowledge that this will increase the likelihood of Soviet involvement in Afghanistan. The purpose of this was to create Russia’s own “Vietnam”.
December 27, 1979
The Soviet Union predictably invades Afghanistan starting the Soviet-Afghan war. The Soviets supported the Marxist People’s Democratic Party of Afghanistan while the United Stated covertly supported the mujahideen resistance. The U.S. funnels $3 – $20 BILLION to train and equip Islamic fundamentalist insurgents along with the Pakistani Inter-Service Intelligence. This include U.S. made Stinger shoulder launched surface to air missiles.
September 22, 1980
Iraq invades Iran and begins the Iran-Iraq War
Feburary 1982
Ronald Reagan removes Iraq from list of State Sponsors of Terror, despite Congress’s objections. Iraq had been put on there during the 6-day war in 1967. This opens up the ability to sell previously export-controlled items(i.e. Weapons) to Iraq. This is 3 years after the pro-U.S. Shah in Iran has been ousted.
December 1982
Hughes Aircraft ships 60 Defender Helicopters to Iraq
August 1983
Iraq orders 10 Huey Helicopters (used for troop transportation like in Vietnam) and while Congress opposes, the sale is approved
1984
Under the guise of penetrating the civilian market, the U.S. sells 45 Bell 214ST helicopters to Iraq, worth $200 million.
March 27, 1985
National Security Decision Directive 166 entitled “US Policy, Programs and Strategy in Afghanistan” is defined. This established the goal of driving Soviet forces from Afghanistan using “all means available”. Also in 1985, the U.S began providing satellite intelligence of Soviet positions, intercepted Soviet communications, explosive timing devices for urban sabotage (or if you want to call it what they were, IEDs, Improvised Explosive Devices. Sorta like those killing our soldiers in Iraq in 2008), sniper rifles, anti-tank missiles, targeting devices for mortars linked to U.S. navy satellites and other equipment.
(By 1987 it is estimated that 65,000 tons of U.S. made weaponry is entering Afghanistan each year)
July 1985
Israel sends American Made BGM-71 TOW antitank missiles to Iran. This is the first arms sale in the Iran-Contra affair. This was in essence an attempt by the Reagan administration to secure the release of hostages by trading hostages for U.S. weapons, shipped to “moderate” Iranian groups. Over the next year there are several shipments of U.S. weapons made to Iran through Israel. The Iran-Contra scandal is a whole issue in itself, but the most important thing in this time line is to note that the U.S. is selling helicopters and equipment to Iraq and supplying anti-tank missiles and anti-aircraft missiles to Iran…while both countries are at war with each other. Interesting side note on the Iran-Contra affair. Oliver North’s involvement in this scandal got him convicted of drug trafficking (long story). This is the same Oliver North that now has his own radio show as well as his own show on Fox News. Yup…Fox News has a convicted drug smuggler hosting a show.
June 1986
Pakistani officers travel to the U.S. to get training on using Stinger missiles.
March 1988
The Iraqi military attacks Kurdish civilians by delivering poisonous gas from helicopters, the same helicopters bought from the Reagan Administration.
April 14, 1988
The Geneva Accords are signed, ending the situation in Afghanistan and setting a timetable for withdrawal of Soviet Troops from Afghanistan. The U.S. backed afghan resistance fighters are not party to the negotiations. The U.S., having got what it wanted in seeing Russia get dragged into a 9 year conflict in which the U.S. remained fairly unscathed, leaves the Afghan fighters to fend for themselves. The Civil War in Afghanistan continues until 1992.
July 1988
Iraqi Airplanes drop chemical cyanide bombs on Iranian Kurdish villages.
August 11, 1988
The initial meeting of al-Qaeda.
August 20 1988
The Iran-Iraq War ends
September 8, 1988
The U.S. Senate unanimously passes the “Prevention of Genocide Act of 1988” which levies heavy sanctions on Iraq by cutting off loans, military assistance, U.S. imports of Iraqi oil and other items. (One of the cosponsors of this bill happens to be one Senator Albert Gore Jr.). The Reagan Administration effectively kills this bill on the last day of the legislative session.
February 15, 1989
The last of the Soviet troops leaves Afghanistan approximately 10 years after they entered. To add some context, the U.S. has been in Afghanistan for 7 years now.
August 1, 1990
The Bush Administration approves the sale of $395 million worth of “advanced data transmission devices” to Iraq.
August 2, 1990
Saddam launches the invasion of Kuwait. (There is no typo between the last two dates). Bush compares the invasion of Kuwait to the Nazis, despite the fact that between 1985 and 1990 the Reagan and Bush administrations sold 1.5 billion dollars of advanced weaponry and technology to Saddam.
August 1990
Osama Bin Laden approaches Prince Sultan bin Abdelaziz al-Saud with an offer to lead forces to protect Saudi Arabia and drive Saddam’s forces out of Kuwait. Bin Laden is leery of allowing U.S. forces to base out of Saudi bases and sees the Iraq invasion as an “internal” issue to be dealt with by using Muslim forces.
August 7/8, 1990
Operation Desert Shield is launched. The goal is to defend Saudi Arabia from possible Iraqi aggression. The U.S. launches the largest deployment of U.S. troops since Vietnam. U.S. aircraft patrol the Kuwait – Saudi border. The Navy deploys two carrier strike groups. The U.S. continues a build-up of troops that soon reaches 543,000 troops.
September 11, 1990
President George H.W. Bush gives a speech and lists reasons for becoming involved in this conflict. The Pentagon backs up President Bush’s claims that Iraq is massing forces along the Kuwaiti/Saudi border for an imminent attack with Top Secret satellite photos. These photos are later shown to be false by a Saint Petersburg Times reporter. The reporter views commercial satellite photos of the same area taken at the same time of the Pentagons photos and there was nothing but empty desert.
November 29, 1990
UN Security Council passes Resolution 678 which gives Saddam a withdrawal deadline of January 15, 1991 and also authorizes the use of force to uphold this resolution. The U.S, also around this time, assembles a coalition of 34 countries to join in against Iraq: Afghanistan, Argentina, Australia, Bahrain, Bangladesh, Belgium, Canada, Denmark, Egypt, France, Greece, Italy, Kuwait, Morocco, The Netherlands, New Zealand, Niger, Norway, Oman, Pakistan, Philippines, Portugal, Qatar, Republic of Korea, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Singapore, Spain, Syria, the United Arab Emirates, the United Kingdom
January 17, 1991
Operation Desert Storm is launched with U.S. helicopters destroying Iraq radar sites. 1000 sorties were launched per day. The Iraqi Air force flees to Iran. Iran captures the pilots and planes and does not release them after the war is over.
February 2, 1991
The CIA encourages Iraqi Shia and Kurds to rebel by broadcasting from Saudi Arabia “The Voice of Free Iraq.” The CIA is trying to get an insurgency against the Baath Party and Saddam Hussein.
February 24, 1991
The U.S. begins the ground war campaign by sending Marine Divisions in to attack Iraqi Forces in central Kuwait.
February 27, 1991
Exactly 100-hours after the ground campaign begun, President Bush orders a cease-fire. History has shown that this was more of a political show movie (ending in exactly 100 hours) than a tactical one.
March 3, 1991
U.S. Commander General Norman Schwarzkopf holds cease-fire talks with Iraqi negotiators. The General is not a trained negotiator and so he doesn’t see a problem with allowing the Iraqis to be allowed to fly armed helicopters in Iraqi territory. The Iraqi negotiators are extremely adamant about this and claim they need to use the helicopters to fly officials around the country.
March/April 1991
Saddam uses helicopters to suppress the Shia rebellion in south Iraq and the Kurdish rebellion in the North. The rebels believe they would be supported by the U.S. (who just a month before was encouraging these rebellions).
September 1996
Taliban takes over the Afghanistan capital. The majority of Taliban fighters received their training and weapons from the CIA (recruited by Pakistan, Saudi Arabia and other Middle Eastern countries) during the Afghan-Soviet war.
August 7, 1998
The U.S. embassies in Tanzania and Nairobi are bombed. This is on the 8th anniversary of U.S. troops being deployed to the Persian Gulf. Osama Bin Laden and al-Qaeda take credit.
September 11, 2001
19 members of al-Qaeda hijacked four commercial airlines. Two are crashed into the World Trade Center towers, one is crashed into the Pentagon and the fourth crashes in Pennsylvania after passengers and flight crews attempt to retake the plane. The U.S. response is the launch of the War on Terrorism.
October 7, 2001
The U.S. begins bombing targets in Afghanistan. There is no official declaration of War.
June 2002
The U.S. quietly stepped up engagements in the Southern No-Fly Zone of Iraq with a focus on degrading Iraq’s air defense and communications abilities. It should be noted that this was done BEFORE authorization to go to war was granted.
October 2002
Saudi Arabia makes it clear that they will not allow the U.S. to use it’s airspace or bases to launch attacks against Iraq.
November 13, 2002
Northern Alliance forces, backed by U.S./Nato forces, arrive in the capital cent of Kabul, Afghanistan.
March 20, 2003
The Military invasion of Iraq by the U.S. begins. There are several other Islamic nations that were in the coalition during the first Iraq War are missing from this coalition: Saudi Arabia, Afghanistan and Syria.
April 2003
U.S. announces it will withdraw U.S. military personnel out of Saudi Arabia and terminate it’s decade old military presence there that had been a point of resentment for many Saudis (and one of the objections of Osama Bin Laden).
May 1,2003
Onboard the aircraft carrier USS Abraham Lincoln, President Bush declares “Mission Accomplished” in the War in Iraq. Soon after the Iraqi insurgency starts and al-Qaeda in Iraq steps up attacks against American troops. The Bush Administration is caught completely off guard.
March 2004
The U.S. announces plans to create 14 “enduring” bases in Iraq. These bases will be long term encampments that will house thousands of American troops. So, the lesson we learned was…when we’ve over stayed our welcome in one Arab country…move into another one.
February 10, 2007
General David Petraeus is named the commander of the Multi-National Force-Iraq and starts to employ the U.S’s “surge” strategy.
June 2007
It is reported that U.S. forces as part of the “surge” are arming (as well as coordinating tactics) nationalist guerrillas and former Saddam Hussein loyalists to fight al-Qaeda in Iraq. Just a few months before these same forces were fighting U.S. troops. This is yet another example of the U.S. making “deals with the devil”. Just a look at this sparse timeline shows that the U.S.’s history of making these sorts of deals with the “lesser of two evils” doesn’t work (See Iran, Afghan-Soviet War, Iraq, etc.).
June – September 2008
Proponents of the “surge” strategy point to lower violence and attacks as signs that the surge worked. However, what doesn’t get a lot of attention in politics or the media is that one of the reasons the violence lowered was because their were less people to kill. See, part of the violence in Iraq wasn’t caused by al-Qaeda but a Civil War between Sunnis and Shia which resulted in ethnic cleansing.
June 13, 2008
Taliban fighters liberate all prisoners in Kandahar jail. They free 1200 prisoners, 400 who were Taliban prisoners. This is a wake up call to those who forgot about the war in Afghanistan. What most proponents of the surge seemed to miss was that in increasing the number of troops in Iraq, the Bush Administration neglected the war in Afghanistan. The Taliban and al-Qaeda have re-emerged stronger. The Kandahar prison break was just a wakeup call to the public that Afghanistan has been taking a turn for the worse. 2008 has been the deadliest year for American troops in Afghanistan since the start of the war there in 2002.
As you can see, the notion that the U.S. comes in and spreads democracy to those citizens that yearn for freedom is bullshit. We’ve supported assassins, dictators and repressive governments just to make a buck or even worse (in the case of the Afghan-Soviet War) to treat war and destruction like it’s a game. This timeline barely scratches the surface. I skipped a lot just out of the sake of not doing this for years. I left out the blank check we give to Israel (which, if you heard Sarah Palin’s interview, she seems to think we should keep giving), even more details on operations in Afghanistan/Iraq/Iran, the U.S. operations in Syria, Egypt, Palestine, Vietnam, Cuba, etc. Right Wing conservatives like to say that this War on Terror we are waging right now is a righteous war in response to unprovoked aggression from Islamic fundamentalists. They are either lying through their teeth or even worse…completely ignorant to the truth. When you lay in the mud, expect to get dirty. Acting as if the U.S. hasn’t bought and trained for many of the same terrorists we seek right now is just ridiculous.